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1.
Geriatr., Gerontol. Aging (Online) ; 14(1): 52-60, 31-03-2020. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1097168

ABSTRACT

INTRODUÇÃO: Idosos com 80 anos ou mais, ou longevos, são o subgrupo etário que mais cresce no mundo. Nesse segmento, a incapacidade funcional (IF) é mais prevalente que em outras faixas etárias. OBJETIVO: Caracterizar a capacidade funcional e analisar potenciais associações em idosos longevos de uma capital brasileira, com base em um modelo de decisão. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal com 100 idosos longevos, não institucionalizados, assistidos pela Estratégia Saúde da Família do Recife (PE), selecionados por amostra probabilística. Foram avaliados dados sociodemográficos, econômicos e clínicos coletados por meio de entrevistas domiciliares, aferição de medidas antropométricas e buscas nos prontuários. Para análise bivariada, foi empregado o teste χ2 de Pearson, considerando o nível de significância p < 0,05, e para a multivariada foi construída uma árvore de decisão com base em um algoritmo Exhaustive CHAID. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de IF na amostra correspondeu a 67,0%. Na análise bivariada, contribuíram para esse desfecho: renda (p = 0,032), situação previdenciária (p < 0,01), situação nutricional (p = 0,010), doenças neurológicas (p < 0,01), neoplasias (p < 0,01), saúde autopercebida (p = 0,025) e rede de apoio social (p = 0,032), permanecendo na análise multivariada: renda (p = 0,003), rede de apoio social (p = 0,032) e situação nutricional (p = 0,040). A árvore de decisão possibilitou a identificação das variáveis mais associadas ao desfecho, sendo capaz de prever adequadamente a dependência moderada, com assertividade de 72,1%. CONCLUSÃO: O modelo de decisão mostrou-se uma ferramenta oportuna na dedução dos determinantes mais relevantes da IF. Seu uso potencialmente contribui para ampliar a precisão diagnóstica e identificação de populações de risco.


INTRODUCTION: The oldest old adults, aged 80 years and above, is the fastest growing age group in the world. In this section of the population, functional disability (FD) is more prevalent compared to other age groups. OBJECTIVE: To characterize functional capacity and analyze potential associations in the oldest old from a Brazilian capital city, based on a decision model. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 100 non-institutionalized oldest old participants assisted at the Family Health Strategy of Recife, in the Brazilian northeastern state of Pernambuco, selected by probabilistic sample. Sociodemographic, economic, and clinical data were collected by means of home interviews, anthropometric measurements, and medical records. For bivariate analysis, Pearson's chi-square test was used, establishing significance at p < 0.05. For the multivariate analysis, a decision tree was built from the Exhaustive CHAID algorithm. RESULTS: The prevalence of FD in the sample corresponded to 67.0%. In the bivariate analysis, the following data contributed to this outcome: income (p = 0.032), social security status (p < 0.01), nutritional status (p = 0.010), neurological diseases (p < 0.01), neoplasms (p < 0.01), self-perceived health (p = 0.025) and social support network (p = 0.032), remaining in the multivariate analysis: income (p = 0.003), social support network (p = 0.032), and nutritional status (p = 0.040). The decision tree allowed the identification of the variables most strongly associated with the outcome, being able to adequately predict moderate dependence, with 72.1% assertiveness. CONCLUSION: The decision model proved to be a timely tool in deducing the most relevant determinants of FD. Its use potentially contributes to increase the accuracy of the diagnosis and to identify populations at risk.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged, 80 and over , Primary Health Care , Activities of Daily Living , Decision Trees , Geriatric Assessment/statistics & numerical data , Longevity/physiology , Social Support , Socioeconomic Factors , Health of the Elderly , Cross-Sectional Studies , Age Factors
2.
Geriatr., Gerontol. Aging (Online) ; 14(1): 61-70, 31-03-2020. tab, ilus
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1097170

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o conhecimento científico produzido em relação aos fatores associados à prática de atividade física de idosos diabéticos assistidos na atenção primária à saúde no Brasil. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, e a busca por estudos ocorreu de forma on-line, sendo incluídos artigos originais da língua portuguesa, inglesa ou espanhola, publicados de outubro de 2008 a setembro de 2018, nas bases de dados Medical Literature and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e Scopus. Os descritores utilizados foram: idosos, diabetes mellitus, exercícios e atenção primária à saúde. A qualidade metodológica dos artigos foi avaliada por meio de dois instrumentos: Critical Appraisal Skills Programme e Hierarchy of Evidence for Intervention Studies. Após análise, quatro artigos foram incluídos. RESULTADOS: Não foram encontrados artigos com amostras constituídas apenas de idosos, e somente um deles fazia uma análise diferenciada para essa faixa etária, chamando atenção para a necessidade de estudos abordando idosos diabéticos, por causa das especificidades desses indivíduos. Nenhum dos artigos fez uso de instrumentos para avaliação da atividade física. CONCLUSÃO: A prática da atividade física esteve associada à melhora da qualidade de vida, do autocuidado e da adesão ao tratamento do diabetes mellitus, evidenciando a importância do aconselhamento dessa prática por meio dos profissionais de saúde. Fatores como frequência e tipo da prática de atividade física não foram verificados nos estudos, o que destaca a necessidade do uso de instrumentos para a sua avaliação.


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the scientific knowledge produced in relation to the factors associated to the practice of physical activity of older diabetic primary care patients in Brazil. METHODS: It involved an on-line research including original articles published between October 2008 and September 2018 in Portuguese, English, and Spanish, from the databases: Medline, Lilacsand Scopus. The keywords used were elderly, diabetes mellitus, exercise, and primary health care. The methodological quality of the articles was evaluated by means of two instruments: Critical Appraisal Skills Programme and Hierarchy of Evidence for Intervention Studies. After analysis, four articles were included. RESULTS: No articles were found with samples consisting only of older people, and only one of them made an exclusive analysis for this age group. There is a need for studies addressing the older diabetic individuals, due to the specificities of this population. None of the articles made use of instruments for physical activity evaluation. CONCLUSION: The practice of physical activity was associated to an improvement in quality of life, self-care, and adherence to treatment for diabetes mellitus, highlighting the importance of professional counseling. Factors such as frequency and type of physical activity were not verified in the studies, which highlights the need for the use of instruments for this evaluation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Primary Health Care , Exercise/physiology , Diabetes Mellitus/prevention & control , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Quality of Life , Self Care/trends , Health of the Elderly , Age Factors , Longevity/physiology
3.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 53: e20190277, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1057296

ABSTRACT

Abstract INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to assess the occurrence of gonotrophic discordance in females of Culex quinquefasciatus in São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: Resting females were collected monthly for 8 months. Females of Cx. quinquefasciatus were identified, and their midgut and ovaries were dissected. RESULTS: Two hundred females were dissected, out of which, 27.5% were nulliparous and 57% were parous. Most females had no blood in the midgut, but gonotrophic discordance was found in 21% females. CONCLUSIONS: Females of Cx. quinquefasciatus showed a high parity rate and gonotrophic discordance, which could favor the vector capacity of this species.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Culex/physiology , Mosquito Vectors/physiology , Reproduction/physiology , Elephantiasis, Filarial/transmission , Brazil , Culex/classification , Dirofilariasis/transmission , Oviparity/physiology , Feeding Behavior/physiology , Mosquito Vectors/classification , Longevity/physiology
4.
Geriatr., Gerontol. Aging (Online) ; 13(2): 80-87, abr-jun.2019. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1096819

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Comparar a aplicabilidade do questionário do guia alimentar "Como ter uma alimentação saudável" (QGAS), proposto em 2006 pelo Ministério da Saúde, e do questionário de alimentação saudável da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS) de 2013 com relação à qualidade da dieta em longevos (85 anos ou mais) avaliados por uma equipe multiprofissional. MÉTODO: Estudo descritivo, quantitativo, transversal e analítico, em que foram avaliados em domicílio 44 longevos participantes de um projeto multiprofissional de atenção ao idoso, realizado na cidade de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Os hábitos alimentares foram avaliados a partir de dois questionários de investigação de hábitos alimentares, aplicados por entrevistadores nutricionistas e demais profissionais da área da saúde. Os itens alimentares constantes na PNS foram pontuados a partir de uma adaptação da pontuação proposta no QGAS para fins de comparação entre eles. RESULTADOS: O questionário da PNS foi mais fácil de ser aplicado por profissional não nutricionista, sendo significativamente relacionado ao QGAS com um coeficiente de correlação (r2) de 0,67. Quanto à avaliação da dieta, as mulheres apresentam melhor qualidade da dieta no QGAS (10 dos 18 itens avaliados), enquanto no instrumento da PNS os homens apresentaram mais itens saudáveis (8 dos 15 itens avaliados). CONCLUSÃO: O questionário da PNS apresentou boa correlação com o QGAS na avaliação da qualidade da dieta em nonagenários e centenários.


OBJECTIVE: To compare the applicability of the 2006 Brazilian Ministry of Health food guide questionnaire Como ter uma alimentação saudável (QGAS ­ How to have a healthy diet) and the 2013 National Health Survey healthy eating questionnaire (QA-PNS) for determining quality of life among the oldest-old (85 years and older). METHODS: This descriptive, quantitative, cross-sectional and analytical study included 44 oldest-old participants from a multi-professional care project (AMPAL) in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, who were evaluated at home. Eating habits were assessed using two questionnaires applied by nutritionists and other health professionals. The QA-PNS score was adapted to the QGAS score to facilitate comparison. RESULTS: Applying the QA-PNS was easier for non-nutritionists and was significantly related to the QGAS, with a correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.67. The women's diet quality was better according to the QGAS (10 out of 18 items evaluated), but the men's was better according to the QA-PNS (8 out of 15 items evaluated). CONCLUSION: There was good correlation between the QA-PNS and QGAS questionnaires for evaluating diet quality in the oldest-old.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged, 80 and over , Diet/statistics & numerical data , Feeding Behavior , Diet, Healthy/trends , Brazil , Nutrition Surveys/methods , Surveys and Questionnaires , Longevity/physiology
5.
Braz. j. biol ; 79(2): 278-285, Apr.-June 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-989450

ABSTRACT

Abstract We studied the biology of Corythucha gossypii in Ricinus communis under different temperatures in climatic chambers adjusted at 20, 23, 25, and 28 °C, 60 ± 10% relative humidity, and a 12-h photoperiod. The development period and viability of eggs, the development period and survival rate of nymphs, and egg-adult cycle of C. gossypii as well as the adult longevity and fecundity were estimated. The thermal requirements (K) and temperature-base (Tb) were estimated for each of the immature stages and for the eggs-adults period. The duration of the eggs and nymphs phases and the egg-adult cycle of the C. gossypii on castor bean leaves at 20-28 °C were 7.6-17 days, 10.2-27.5 days, and 16.9-44.5 days, respectively. The lower temperature inhibited the oviposition of C. gossypii, whereas the higher temperatures were most favorable for its development. The municipalities of the Bahia state of Brumado, Irecê, Itaberaba, Jacobina, and Senhor do Bonfim were estimated to have a high potential for the population growth of C. gossypii. However, a greater number of generations per year of C. gossypii were observed in the municipalities of Brumado and Itaberaba.


Resumo Estudamos a biologia de Corythucha gossypii em Ricinus communis sob diferentes temperaturas em câmaras climatizadas ajustadas as temperaturas de 20, 23, 25 e 28 °C, umidade relativa de 60 ± 10% e fotoperíodo de 12 horas. O período de desenvolvimento e a viabilidade dos ovos, o período de desenvolvimento e a taxa de sobrevivência de ninfas e do ciclo de ovo-adulto de C. gossypii, bem como a longevidade dos adultos e fecundidade foram estimados. As exigências térmicas (K) e as temperaturas-bases (Tb) foram estimadas para cada um dos estádios imaturos e para o ciclo de ovo-adulto. A duração das fases de ovos e ninfas e do ciclo de ovo a adulto de C. gossypii em folhas de mamona a 20-28 °C foram de 7,6-17 dias, 10,2-27,5 dias e 16,9-44,5 dias, respectivamente. A temperatura mais baixa inibiu a oviposição de C. gossypii , enquanto as temperaturas mais altas foram favoráveis ao seu desenvolvimento. Os municípios do estado da Bahia de Brumado, Irecê, Itaberaba, Jacobina e Senhor do Bonfim foram estimados para ter um alto potencial para o crescimento populacional de C. gossypii. No entanto, o maior número de gerações por ano de C. gossypii foi observado nos municípios de Brumado e Itaberaba.


Subject(s)
Animals , Ricinus , Heteroptera/anatomy & histology , Heteroptera/physiology , Temperature , Brazil , Photoperiod , Fertility/physiology , Longevity/physiology , Nymph/physiology
7.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 76(12): 831-839, Dec. 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-983856

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Considering aging as a phenomenon in which there is a decline in essential processes for cell survival, we investigated the autophagic and proteasome pathways in three different groups: young, older and oldest old male adults. The expression profile of autophagic pathway-related genes was carried out in peripheral blood, and the proteasome quantification was performed in plasma. No significant changes were found in plasma proteasome concentrations or in correlations between proteasome concentrations and ages. However, some autophagy- and/or apoptosis-related genes were differentially expressed. In addition, the network and enrichment analysis showed an interaction between four of the five differentially expressed genes and an association of these genes with the transcriptional process. Considering that the oldest old individuals maintained both the expression of genes linked to the autophagic machinery, and the proteasome levels, when compared with the older group, we concluded that these factors could be considered crucial for successful aging.


RESUMO Considerando o envelhecimento como um fenômeno em que há um declínio nos processos essenciais a sobrevivência celular, investigamos as vias autofágica e proteassômica em três grupos: jovens, idosos e longevos. O perfil de expressão dos genes relacionados à via autofágica foi analisado em sangue periférico, e a quantificação do proteassoma realizada em plasma. Não foram encontradas alterações significativas nas concentrações plasmáticas de proteassoma ou na correlação entre as concentrações de proteassoma e as idades. No entanto, alguns genes relacionados a autofagia e / ou apoptose foram expressos diferencialmente. Além disso, as análises de rede e de enriquecimento mostraram uma interação entre quatro dos cinco genes diferencialmente expressos e a associação desses ao processo transcricional. Considerando que os indivíduos longevos mantiveram tanto a expressão de genes ligados à maquinaria autofágica, quanto os níveis de proteassoma quando comparados aos idosos, concluímos que esses fatores poderiam ser considerados cruciais para o envelhecimento bem-sucedido.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Young Adult , Autophagy/genetics , Aging/genetics , Aging/metabolism , Longevity/genetics , Autophagy/physiology , Brazil , Gene Expression Regulation , Apoptosis/genetics , Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/genetics , Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism , Longevity/physiology
9.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 51(2): e6784, 2018. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-889027

ABSTRACT

Studies have suggested that total energy intake and diet composition affect lifespan and ageing. A high-fat diet induces oxidative stress and affects the development of diseases. In contrast, antioxidants are capable of reducing its harmful effects. Yerba mate beverages are an important source of antioxidants, but there is scarce knowledge about their effects on suppressing fat accumulation. Here, we investigated the compounds present in yerba mate extracts and assessed their effects on Drosophila melanogaster given a high cholesterol diet. LS-ESI-MS analysis showed the presence of matesaponins, phenolic compounds and methylxanthines in all of the examined extracts. In Drosophila, under extract treatment conditions, the mean lifespan was significantly extended from 38 to 43 days, there was an increase in the ability to support induced stress and decrease in lipid peroxidation products. Moreover, yerba mate extracts recovered the glutathione S-transferases (GST) activity and reduced the cholesterol level. Taken together, our results support that extracts can extend lifespan by reducing the detrimental effect of a high-fat diet in D. melanogaster, and this outcome can be associated with the compound content in the extracts. This study improves the understanding of natural interventions that reduce stress-induced oxidative damage, which is fundamental in promoting healthy ageing.


Subject(s)
Animals , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Ilex paraguariensis/chemistry , Drosophila melanogaster/physiology , Longevity/drug effects , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Oxidative Stress/physiology , Drosophila melanogaster/growth & development , Diet, High-Fat , Longevity/physiology
10.
An. acad. bras. ciênc ; 89(2): 1013-1025, Apr.-June 2017. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-886720

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT This is the first study to evaluate in broad spatiotemporal scales the growth parameters and population structure of Rimapenaeus constrictus, a barely damaged species composing the bycatch from shrimp fishing in the Western Atlantic. The abundance and size-class frequency distribution, growth, longevity and sex ratio were evaluated from monthly samples obtained in the northern littoral of São Paulo state from Jan/1998 to Jun/2003. We measured 5,812 individuals in which the sex ratio was skewed toward females; this was more evident in size classes greater than 10 mm in CL (carapace length) (binomial test, p<0.05). We selected 16 growth cohorts of females, and 8 of males, the majority consisting of younger individual cohorts excluded from the fisheries closure period. Growth estimates resulted in a CL∞ of 17.42 mm, a growth coefficient of 0.008 and a longevity of 579 days (1.60 year) for females, as well as a CL∞ of 16.3 mm, a growth coefficient of 0.01 and a longevity of 425 days (1.17 year) for males. Our results provide information of incontestable relevance to our knowledge of fishing management. We therefore strongly recommend that the fisheries closure period be changed to protect this species' recruitment period and consequently its adult individuals.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Conservation of Natural Resources , Penaeidae/growth & development , Fisheries , Seasons , Sex Ratio , Time Factors , Brazil , Population Dynamics , Sex Factors , Penaeidae/anatomy & histology , Body Size , Spatio-Temporal Analysis , Animal Distribution , Longevity/physiology
11.
Neotrop. ichthyol ; 15(1): e160131, 2017. tab, graf, mapas, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-841870

ABSTRACT

Studies on age and growth of fish populations have direct application in fisheries and contribute for policies of conservation. Our aim was update information on the Micropogonias furnieri growth parameters based on sagittae otoliths annulis readings, and we expected that the studied population from Southeast Brazil can reach more longevity than the reported in the available literature. We examined 286 individuals between August-2010 and July-2011 from Ubatuba Bay, SP. The Total Length ranged 200-480 mm. The determined growth parameters were: Males, L∞ =523.4mm, k = 0.05×year-1, t0 = -8.78 year; Females L∞ = 573.5mm, k = 0.06 × year-1, t0 = -7.49 year. The MI and % of edge type evidenced the formation of one ring per year during autumn/winter, coinciding with low temperature and low growth rate. These results differed from those reported for the Vazzoler’s Population I (summer), and we detected higher longevity (45-48 years) as compared with the recorded in the available information.(AU)


Estudos de idade e crescimento de peixes têm aplicação direta na biologia pesqueira e contribuem para medidas de conservação. Nosso objetivo foi atualizar informações sobre parâmetros de crescimento de Micropogonias furnieri utilizando leitura de anéis etários em otólitos sagittae, esperando que a população do Sudeste do Brasil alcance maior longevidade do que o reportado na literatura. Examinamos 286 indivíduos, capturados entre agosto de 2010 e julho de 2011, na Baía de Ubatuba, SP. O comprimento total variou de 200-480 mm. Foram determinados os parâmetros de crescimento: Machos, L∞ = 523,4 mm, k = 0,05 ano-1, t0 = -8,78 ano; Fêmeas, L∞ = 573,5 mm, k = 0,06 ano-1, t0 = -7,49 ano. O IM e a porcentagem do tipo de borda evidenciaram o padrão de formação anual de anéis no outono/inverno, coincidindo com mais baixas temperaturas e crescimento lento. Estes resultados diferem dos reportados para População I de Vazzoler (verão), e nós detectamos longevidade bem superior (45-48 anos) à descrita anteriormente.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Perciformes/anatomy & histology , Perciformes/growth & development , Fisheries/trends , Longevity/physiology
12.
Einstein (Säo Paulo) ; 13(1): 117-121, Jan-Mar/2015. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-745892

ABSTRACT

To assess studies that evaluate the relation between serum thyrotropin concentration, very old subjects, and their events. We searched the PubMed, SciELO, and LILACS databases for articles published between 2004 and 2012. Our search was restricted to studies involving humans aged 65 years or older, and written in English, Spanish, or Portuguese. Studies that evaluated the association between elevated serum thyrotropin concentration among elderly subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism were chosen since at least in part they included a subpopulation of individuals aged 80 years and above. Thirteen studies were selected. No significant increase in risk of cardiovascular events, coronary heart disease, or total mortality was observed. Elevated thyrotropin concentration was associated with longevity. More randomized controlled trials are required to better define the potential benefits of elevated thyrotropin concentration in this oldest old population, hormone replacement, and longevity.


Avaliar os artigos que consideram a relação entre a concentração da tirotropina sérica, indivíduos muito idosos e seus eventos. Foram selecionados artigos do PubMed, SciELO e LILACS publicados entre 2004 e 2012, que consideraram uma população ≥65 anos, escritos em inglês, espanhol ou português. Os estudos que avaliaram a associação entre níveis séricos elevados de tirotropina sérica e idosos com hipotireoidismo subclínico foram escolhidos, desde que incluíssem uma subpopulação com 80 anos ou mais. Treze estudos foram selecionados. Não houve associação significante entre maior risco de eventos cardiovasculares, doença coronariana ou mortalidade. A concentração elevada de tirotropina sérica foi associada à longevidade. Mais estudos randomizados controlados são necessários para o melhor entendimento do potencial benefício da elevação de concentração da tirotropina sérica nos longevos, reposição hormonal e longevidade.


Subject(s)
Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Hypothyroidism/blood , Longevity/physiology , Thyrotropin/blood , Age Factors , Aging/blood , Hypothyroidism/physiopathology , Risk Factors , Thyroid Gland/physiopathology
13.
ABC., imagem cardiovasc ; 28(1): 25-29, jan.-mar. 2015. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-747458

ABSTRACT

Fundamento: O ecocardiograma é uma ferramenta diagnóstica capaz de detectar diversos parâmetros com potencial de auxiliar o cardiologista na conduta do paciente. O conhecimento desses parâmetros em centenários pode levar ao maior entendimento do processo saúde/doença nessa população.Objetivos: Avaliar os parâmetros ecocardiográficos em centenários, uma vez que não foi encontrado na literaturatrabalho que contemplasse tais dados nesse grupo. Métodos: Foram avaliados por meio de ecocardiograma transtorácico 16 pacientes centenários, com baixo estado de dependência e fragilidade e sem histórico de cardiopatia.Resultados: Diâmetros, áreas, volumes e volumes indexados do átrio esquerdo encontraram-se aumentados em 31,25%, 50%, 68,75% e 87,5% dos pacientes, respectivamente. Os diâmetros diastólicos absolutos e indexados do ventrículo esquerdo acharam-se aumentados em 6,25% e 68,75%, respectivamente. A massa ventricular esquerda absoluta eindexada estava aumentada em 37,5% e 75% dos idosos. Apresentaram padrão de hipertrofia excêntrica 62,5% dos indivíduos. Déficit de contratilidade segmentar ocorreu em 31,25% da amostra. Pressão sistólica em artéria pulmonar acima de 40 mmHg ocorreu em 61,5% dos pacientes. Conclusão: As dimensões aumentadas das câmaras esquerdas e massa ventricular esquerda principalmente quando quantificadas pela superfície corporal apontam para a necessidade de indexação dos valores nesses indivíduos. A presençade déficit segmentar em 31,25% dos pacientes sugere que isquemia silenciosa seja relativamente comum em centenários. Hipertensão pulmonar em 61,5% dos pacientes sem elevação da pressão capilar pulmonar faz suspeitar de doença pulmonar não diagnosticada.


Background: Echocardiography is a diagnostic tool capable of detecting different parameters with the potential to assist the cardiologists inpatients management. Being aware of these parameters in centenary patients may lead to greater understanding of the health/disease process in this population. Objectives: To evaluate echocardiographic parameters in centenary patients, since no study covering such data in that group was found in the literature. Methods: Sixteen centenary patients with low state of dependence and weakness and no history of heart disease were assessed by transthoracic echocardiography.Results: Diameters, areas, volumes and indexed left atrial volumes were found to be increased by 31.25%, 50%, 68.75% and 87.5% of patients, respectively. Absolute and indexed left ventricular diastolic diameters were found to be increased by 6.25% and 68.75%, respectively. Absolute and indexed left ventricular mass was increased by 37.5% and 75% of elderly patients. The study found that 62.5% of individuals presented a pattern of eccentric hypertrophy. Deficit of segmental contractility occurred in 31.25% of the sample. Pulmonary arterial systolic pressure above 40 mm Hg occurred in 61.5% of patients. Conclusion: Increased dimensions of left chambers and left ventricular mass especially when quantified by body surface point out to the need for indexing the values in these individuals. The presence of segmental deficit in 31.25% of patients suggests that silent ischemia is relativelycommon in centenarians. Pulmonary hypertension in 61.5% of patients without elevated pulmonary capillary pressure leads to suspectedundiagnosed lung disease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Echocardiography/methods , /physiology , Longevity/physiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Life Expectancy/trends , Atrial Function/physiology , Ventricular Function/physiology
14.
Int. j. cardiovasc. sci. (Impr.) ; 28(1): 42-50, jan.-fev. 2015. tab, graf
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-762188

ABSTRACT

Fundamentos: O envelhecimento abrange mudanças físicas e psicológicas que reduzem a capacidade de adaptação do idoso à sociedade, sendo o maior fator de risco para doenças cardiovasculares. Objetivo: Investigar alterações do sistema cardiovascular decorrentes do processo de envelhecimento em ratos. Métodos: Parâmetros murinométricos/nutricionais, ecocardiográficos e hemodinâmicos foram determinados em ratos machos com um, cinco e 12 meses de idade. A expressão de proteínas importantes na dinâmica do cálcio intracelular ena sinalização da leptina foram investigadas em homogenato de coração de rato, bem como a atividade das ATPases cardíacas. Os dados foram apresentados como média±erro-padrão e analisados pelo teste one way ANOVA (*p<0,05 vs. 1 mês e #p<0,05 vs. 5 meses). Resultados: Enquanto o índice de massa corporal aumentou (0,46±0,01 g/cm2 ; 0,75±0,01 g/cm2*; 0,78±0,01 g/cm2*), ocoeficiente de eficácia alimentar (0,431±0,013; 0,035±0,003*; 0,003±0,001*#), a velocidade máxima desenvolvida em teste de esforço (3,36±0,34 km/h; 1,38±0,04 km/h*;1,20±0,13 km/h*) e a frequência cardíaca (410,2±5,9 bpm; 375,9±7,6 bpm*;376,6±3,3 bpm*) diminuíram com a idade. Foram observadas hipertrofia do ventrículo esquerdo e disfunção diastólicaem paralelo à redução da expressão do receptor para leptina (2,1±0,4; 1,9±0,2; 0,8±0,2*#) e da atividade da bomba decálcio da família SERCA (1981±77 nmol Pi/mg de proteína/h; 2385±205 nmol Pi/mg de proteína/h; 1148±152 nmol Pi/mg de proteína/h#) no coração.Conclusões: O envelhecimento está associado a risco cardiometabólico, sendo a infrarregulação de receptores para leptina e a redução da atividade da bomba de cálcio no coração provavelmente mecanismos subjacentes à disfunção diastólica do ventrículo esquerdo e a consequente intolerância ao exercício.


Background: Aging involves physical and psychological changes that reduce the elderly’s ability to adapt themselves to society, which is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Objective: To investigate changes in the cardiovascular system resulting from the aging process in rats. Methods: Murinometric/nutritional, echocardiographic and hemodynamic parameters were determined in 1, 5 and 12-month aged male rats. The expression of proteins that are critical to intracellular calcium dynamics and leptin signaling, as well as cardiac ATPase activity, was investigated in cardiac homogenates of rats. Data were expressed as mean ± standard error and analyzed by ANOVA one-way test (* p <0.05 vs. one month and #p <0.05 vs. 5 months). Results: Whereas the body mass index increased (0.46±0.01 g/cm2; 0.75±0.01 g/cm2 *,0.78±0.01 g/cm2*), the food efficiency ratio(0.431±0.013; 0.035±0.003*; 0.003±0.001*#), maximum speed during maximal exercise stress testing (3.36±0.34 km/h; 1.38±0.04 km/h*;1.20±0.13 km/h*) and heart rate (410.2±5.9bpm; 375.9±7.6 bpm*; 376.6±3,3 bpm*) decreased with age. Left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction along with reduced leptin receptor expression (2.1±0.4; 1.9±0.2; 0.8±0.2*#) and SERCA-type calcium pump activity (1981±77 nmol Pi/mg protein/h; 2385±205 nmol Pi/mg protein/h; 1148±152 nmol Pi/mg protein/h#) were observed in the hearts.Conclusions: Aging process is related to cardiometabolic risk, with cardiac leptin receptor downregulation and reduced cardiac SERCA2 calcium pump activity presumably being mechanisms underlying the left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and consequent exercise intolerance.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Aging , Anthropometry , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Clinical Trial , Models, Animal , Risk Factors , Analysis of Variance , Body Mass Index , Ventricular Dysfunction, Left/complications , Echocardiography/methods , Health Education , Longevity/physiology , Nutritional Physiological Phenomena , Rats, Wistar , Calcium Signaling/physiology
15.
Rev. bras. cardiol. (Impr.) ; 27(6): 437-444, nov.-dez. 2014.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-752235

ABSTRACT

Estudos demonstram que uma taxa mais baixa de fatores de risco cardiovascular em centenários aliada a fatores genéticos e ambientais são decisivos para o êxito em alcançar extrema longevidade. Apesar dos fatores cardioprotetores, esses indivíduos apresentam uma prevalência não desprezível de doenças cardiovasculares, principalmente doença arterial coronariana, insuficiência cardíaca e fibrilação atrial, o que deve alertar a comunidade científica no sentido de melhor entendimento do processo saúde/doença dessa população. A presente revisão tem por objetivo abordar a prevalência de fatores de risco cardiovascular maiores e reconhecer as principais doenças cardiovasculares na população de centenários.


Studies show that lower cardiovascular risk factor rates among centenarians are decisive for successfully achieving extreme longevity, together with genetic and environmental factors. Despite cardio-protective factors, these individuals present a non-negligible prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, particularly coronary artery disease, heart failure and atrial fibrillation, which should prompt the scientific community to seek a better understanding of the health / disease processes of this population. This purpose of this review is to explore the prevalence of major cardiovascular risk factors and identify the main cardiovascular diseases in the centenarian population.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged, 80 and over , Heart/physiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , /physiology , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Life Expectancy/trends , Smoking/adverse effects , Hypertension/epidemiology , Longevity/physiology , Prevalence , Risk Factors
16.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 109(8): 1070-1077, 12/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-732600

ABSTRACT

Two hypotheses for how conditions for larval mosquitoes affect vectorial capacity make opposite predictions about the relationship of adult size and frequency of infection with vector-borne pathogens. Competition among larvae produces small adult females. The competition-susceptibility hypothesis postulates that small females are more susceptible to infection and predicts frequency of infection should decrease with size. The competition-longevity hypothesis postulates that small females have lower longevity and lower probability of becoming competent to transmit the pathogen and thus predicts frequency of infection should increase with size. We tested these hypotheses for Aedes aegypti in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, during a dengue outbreak. In the laboratory, longevity increases with size, then decreases at the largest sizes. For field-collected females, generalised linear mixed model comparisons showed that a model with a linear increase of frequency of dengue with size produced the best Akaike’s information criterion with a correction for small sample sizes (AICc). Consensus prediction of three competing models indicated that frequency of infection increases monotonically with female size, consistent with the competition-longevity hypothesis. Site frequency of infection was not significantly related to site mean size of females. Thus, our data indicate that uncrowded, low competition conditions for larvae produce the females that are most likely to be important vectors of dengue. More generally, ecological conditions, particularly crowding and intraspecific competition among larvae, are likely to affect vector-borne pathogen transmission in nature, in this case via effects on longevity of resulting adults. Heterogeneity among individual vectors in likelihood of infection is a generally important outcome of ecological conditions impacting vectors as larvae.


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Aedes/growth & development , Body Size/physiology , Dengue/transmission , Epidemics , Insect Vectors/growth & development , Aedes/anatomy & histology , Aedes/virology , Bayes Theorem , Brazil/epidemiology , Crowding , Competitive Behavior/physiology , Dengue Virus/isolation & purification , Dengue/epidemiology , Environmental Monitoring , Insect Vectors/virology , Larva/anatomy & histology , Larva/growth & development , Longevity/physiology , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
18.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 47(3): 307-312, May-Jun/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-716401

ABSTRACT

Introduction Triatoma carcavalloi is a wild species that is found in sympatry with Triatoma rubrovaria and Triatoma circummaculata, which are vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi currently found in rural areas of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Methods Fertility was assessed and to determine the incubation period, the eggs were observed until hatching. The first meal was offered to 1st stage nymphs. The intermolt period was also determined. The number of blood meals was quantified at each nymphal stage and the resistance to fasting as the period between ecdysis and death. Mortality was assessed and longevity was determined by recording the time that elapsed from molting to the adult stage and until death. The developmental cycle was assessed by recording the length in days of each stage from molting to adult hood. Results The average incubation period was 22.7 days. The average first meal occurred 3.1 days after hatching. The 5th stage nymph to adult intermolting period was the longest at 193.4 days. The average number of feedings during nymphal development was 13.4. The resistance to fasting assay indicated that the 3rd, 4th and 5th stage nymphs presented higher resistance than did adults. The highest mortality rate was observed in the 3rd stage nymphs (22.2%). The average length of adult survival was 25.6 weeks, and the average total life cycle lasted 503.4 days. Conclusions This study is the first report on the biology of T. carcavalloi that fed on mice. The presented findings expand the bionomic knowledge of these species. .


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Mice , Insect Vectors/physiology , Life Cycle Stages/physiology , Triatoma/physiology , Fertility/physiology , Insect Vectors/classification , Insect Vectors/growth & development , Laboratories , Longevity/physiology , Triatoma/classification , Triatoma/growth & development
19.
Braz. j. biol ; 74(2): 438-443, 5/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-719226

ABSTRACT

Life tables and survival curves of tadpoles from Rhinella icterica species were studied in the laboratory, under abiotic conditions controlled by a purification filter, a timer and a chiller. The survival curve for larval stage confirms a great mortality trend in the initial stages, which decreases when reaching the mature morphological condition (r = –0.94). Stages 37, 38, 39, 40 and 41 showed gradual values for their age structures, while stages 42, 43 and 44 presented high variations. Based on the results under laboratory conditions, it can be concluded that the maturity of R. icterica tadpoles development between 37 and 44 stages has a negative correlation and their predicted life expectancy is a logarithmic growth curve (y=–761.96Ln(x)+5298.5).


Tabelas de vida e curvas de sobrevivência em estágios larvais de girinos da espécie Rhinella icterica foram estudadas em laboratório, sob condições abióticas controladas com uso de filtro de depuração, timer e chiller. A curva de sobrevivência por estágio larval confirma a tendência de maior mortalidade para os estágios iniciais e menor mortalidade para o avanço da condição morfológica madura (r = –0,94). Os estágios 37, 38, 39, 40 e 41 apresentaram valores gradativos para sua estrutura etária, enquanto nos estágios 42, 43 e 44 ocorreram variações acentuadas. Com base nos resultados obtidos, nas condições de laboratório, pode-se concluir que a maturidade de desenvolvimento de girinos de R. icterica entre os estágios 37 e 44, apresenta correlação negativa e a predição de esperança de vida a uma curva logarítmica de crescimento (y=–761,96Ln(x)+5298,5).


Subject(s)
Animals , Bufonidae/physiology , Longevity/physiology , Bufonidae/classification , Bufonidae/growth & development , Laboratories , Models, Biological
20.
Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras. (1992) ; 59(1): 40-47, jan.-fev. 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-666237

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To verify factors associated with nutritional status in an oldest elderly communitydwelling population in Southern Brazil. METHODS: This cross-sectional epidemiological and household-based study involved all subjects (n = 134) aged > 80 years who were living in Antônio Carlos (Santa Catarina state, Brazil). Nutritional status was assessed by body mass index (BMI < 22.0 kg/m2, underweight; BMI > 27.0 kg/m2, overweight). Explanatory variables in the study were: gender (women/ men), literacy (knows how to write and read - yes/no), living conditions (lives alone/with company), cognitive function (normal/altered), eating difficulty (yes/no), medication use (none to two/three or more), morbidity (none to two/three or more diseases), alimentary pattern (adequate/inadequate), alcohol consumption (none to one day a week, two or more days a week), cigarette smoking (never/current or former smoker), physical activity level (< 150 min/week; > 150 min/week), and sitting time (< 4 hours/day; > 4 hours but < 6 hours/ day; > 6 hours/day). RESULTS: Prevalence of underweight was 27.3% in men and 12.8% in women (p < 0.01), and was positively associated with altered cognitive function (OR: 3.52) and inversely related with greater medication use (OR: 0.34). Overweight affected 25.5% of men and 53.8% of women. It was negatively associated with illiteracy (OR: 0.12) and positively associated with female gender (OR: 2.58). CONCLUSION: There are differences between men and women regarding nutritional status. The factors associated to nutritional status of the oldest elderly from Antônio Carlos are specific to the vulnerability condition (underweight and overweight).


OBJETIVO: Verificar os fatores associados ao estado nutricional de uma população de idosos longevos vivendo em comunidade no sul do Brasil. MÉTODOS: Este estudo epidemiológico, transversal, de base domiciliar, envolveu todos os idosos (n = 134), com idade > 80 anos, residentes no município de Antônio Carlos (Santa Catarina). O estado nutricional foi verificado por meio do índice de massa corporal: (IMC < 22,0 kg/m2, baixo peso; IMC > 27,0, excesso de peso). As variáveis exploratórias do estudo foram: sexo, saber ler e escrever (sim/não); arranjo familiar (mora só/acompanhado); função cognitiva (normal/alterada); dificuldade para comer (sim/não); uso de medicamentos (0-2/3 ou mais); morbidades (0-2/ 3 ou mais), padrão alimentar (adequado/não adequado); consumo de bebidas alcoólicas (0-1 dia/sem. ou 2 ou mais dias/sem); tabagismo (nunca/fumante ou ex-fumante); nível de atividade física (< 150 min./sem.; > 150 min./sem.); tempo sentado (< 4 horas/dia; > 4 horas mas < 6 horas/dia; > 6 horas/dia). RESULTADOS: A prevalência de baixo peso foi de 27,3% nos homens e 12,8% nas mulheres(p < 0,01) e foi positivamente associada à função cognitiva alterada (OR: 3,52) e inversamente relacionada ao uso de mais medicamentos (OR: 0,34). O excesso de peso afetou 25,5% dos homens e 53,8% das mulheres e foi negativamente associado a não saber ler (OR: 0,12) e positivamente associado ao sexo feminino (OR: 2,58). CONCLUSÃO: Existem diferenças no estado nutricional de homens e mulheres. Os fatores associados ao estado nutricional dos idosos longevos de Antônio Carlos são específicos à condição de vulnerabilidade (baixo peso e excesso de peso).


Subject(s)
Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Cognition/physiology , Geriatric Assessment , Life Style , Nutritional Status/physiology , Body Mass Index , Brazil/epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Drug Therapy/statistics & numerical data , Logistic Models , Longevity/physiology , Overweight/epidemiology , Sex Factors , Socioeconomic Factors , Thinness/epidemiology
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